- Regular
- StudentStudent Fare
Only students above 12 years of age are eligible for special fares and/or additional baggage allowances. Carrying valid student ID cards and student visas (where applicable) is mandatory, else the passenger may be denied boarding or asked to pay for extra baggage.
Trivandrum to Moscow Flights, Fares @ ₹38919 + Flat Rs 1500 OFF
₹ 38,919
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow , 26 Nov
Etihad Airways EY 265
04:10
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 15 m
06:55
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Etihad Airways EY 845
08:10
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
06 h 45 m
13:55
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal C
Moscow, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Basic
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 38,919
Economy Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,855
₹ 40,405
Fare Option 3
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 40,919
Economy Comfort
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 13,110
₹ 6,555
₹ 46,797
Economy Deluxe
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 56,443
Business Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 26,215
₹ 97,984
₹ 48,040
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow , 26 Nov
Oman Air WY 212
08:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
03 h 50 m
10:55
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Muscat, Oman
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Oman Air WY 183
13:00
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Muscat, Oman
07 h 20 m
19:20
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal C
Moscow, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Super Saver
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 8,731
₹ 48,040
Economy Comfort
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 15,280
₹ 4,366
₹ 53,226
Economy Flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 4,366
₹ 59,920
Fare Option 4
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 30,973
₹ 1,10,254
Economy flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 27,723
₹ 1,13,674
Economy flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 27,290
₹ 1,25,191
₹ 51,044
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow-Domodedovo Apt , 26 Nov
Air Arabia G9 449
04:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 15 m
07:20
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Air Arabia G9 805
15:05
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
06 h 45 m
20:50
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Moscow-Domodedovo Apt, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Basic
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 51,044
Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 54,357
Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 59,582
Fare Option 4
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 64,376
Ultimate
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 75,486
Ultimate
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 75,486
₹ 53,147
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow-Domodedovo Apt , 26 Nov
Air Arabia G9 443
19:10
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 15 m
21:55
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Air Arabia G9 805
15:05
Fri, 27 Nov 26
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
06 h 45 m
20:50
Fri, 27 Nov 26
Moscow-Domodedovo Apt, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Basic
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 53,147
Fare Option 2
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 54,357
Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 56,461
Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 60,786
Fare Option 5
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 64,376
Ultimate
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 76,751
₹ 63,387
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow , 26 Nov
Gulf Air GF 61
05:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
05 h 10 m
08:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Bahrain, Bahrain
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Gulf Air GF 12
01:35
Fri, 27 Nov 26
Bahrain, Bahrain
06 h 25 m
08:00
Fri, 27 Nov 26
Terminal 0
Moscow, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Light
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,110
₹ 9,405
₹ 63,387
Economy Smart
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 7,055
₹ 4,705
₹ 66,797
Economy Flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 72,825
Falcon Gold Smart
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 22,575
₹ 15,050
₹ 2,52,061
Falcon Gold Flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 2,68,254
₹ 63,962
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow , 26 Nov
Etihad Airways EY 1363 | Operated By Air Arabia Abu Dhabi
04:55
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 30 m
07:55
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Etihad Airways EY 843
14:30
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
06 h 45 m
20:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal C
Moscow, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Basic
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 63,962
Economy Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,855
₹ 65,447
Fare Option 3
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 65,962
Economy Comfort
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 13,110
₹ 6,555
₹ 72,868
Economy Deluxe
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 82,108
Economy Deluxe
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 86,064
₹ 63,962
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow , 26 Nov
Etihad Airways EY 1409 | Operated By Air Arabia Abu Dhabi
13:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 30 m
16:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Etihad Airways EY 845
08:05
Fri, 27 Nov 26
Terminal A
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
06 h 45 m
13:50
Fri, 27 Nov 26
Terminal C
Moscow, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Basic
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 63,962
Economy Value
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,855
₹ 65,447
Fare Option 3
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 65,962
Economy Comfort
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 13,110
₹ 6,555
₹ 72,868
Economy Deluxe
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 82,108
₹ 81,263
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow - Vnukovo Apt , 26 Nov
Emirates EK 523
04:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 10 m
07:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T3
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Emirates EK 2252 | Operated By Flydubai
13:00
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
07 h 15 m
19:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Moscow - Vnukovo Apt, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Saver
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,340
₹ 7,170
₹ 81,263
Economy Flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 11,950
₹ 5,354
₹ 98,553
Economy Flex Plus
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 1,24,183
₹ 81,959
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow - Vnukovo Apt , 26 Nov
Emirates EK 523
04:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 10 m
07:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T3
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Emirates EK 2322 | Operated By Flydubai
13:40
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
07 h 05 m
19:45
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal A
Moscow - Vnukovo Apt, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Saver
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,340
₹ 7,170
₹ 81,959
Economy Flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 11,950
₹ 5,354
₹ 98,553
Economy Flex Plus
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 1,24,183
₹ 81,966
Thiruvananthapuram to Moscow-Domodedovo Apt , 26 Nov
Emirates EK 523
04:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T2
Thiruvananthapuram, India
04 h 10 m
07:15
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T3
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Emirates EK 133
08:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Terminal T3
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
07 h
14:35
Thu, 26 Nov 26
Moscow-Domodedovo Apt, Russia
BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN
Information not available
Economy Saver
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 14,340
₹ 7,170
₹ 81,966
Economy Flex
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 11,950
₹ 5,354
₹ 99,231
Economy Flex Plus
Fare offered by airline.
₹ 1,24,885
| Trivandrum Moscow Cheap Flights | Fare | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Lowest Airfare Today | Rs 0 | |
| Cheapest Fare Within 30 Days | Rs 38919 |
26 Nov
|
| Cheapest Fare Within 90 Days | Rs 38919 |
26 Nov
|
| Cheapest Fare Within 365 Days | Rs 38919 |
26 Nov
|
Get cheap flights from Trivandrum to Moscow with Goibibo India
Q: Why choose Goibibo for your flight booking from Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: Goibibo lets you search and compare flight tickets to various destinations with just a click. There is a huge inventory of airlines for you to choose from, and exciting deals and discounts so that you can book your flight tickets at reasonable prices. You can always reach out to Goibibo customer care for any help.
Q: How to get a cheap flight ticket from Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: At Goibibo, it’s very simple to find cheap flights. • After entering the source and destination on the home page, you will get a list of flights. Click on the ‘Cheapest’ filter below to see the cheapest flights first. • You can also grab a cheap flight booking by setting up an alert for Trivandrum to Moscow flights. Goibibo will let you know whenever there is a price drop for your flight. What’s the best time to book a flight from Trivandrum to Moscow? • For an international flight, you must book at least 7-8 weeks ahead for a better price. • You can also check the calendar view while booking to compare the prices for various dates. • Set up a price alert to get notified about the best prices for your flight from Trivandrum to Moscow.
Q: What should you keep in mind while booking a flight from Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: At Goibibo, you can compare flights from all major airlines at one go. Always keep an eye out for the best offers on your Trivandrum to Moscow flight. Plus, there are no hidden charges when you book a Trivandrum to Moscow flight on Goibibo.
Q: Is there any discount on a flight booking from Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: Goibibo always has discount offers running on flights. You can find many coupons on the website and app for your Trivandrum to Moscow booking. While booking, you can choose the best coupon from the list for an instant discount on your tickets.
Trivandrum to Moscow Flights
Searching for Trivandrum to Moscow cheap flights? Then, Goibibo is your one-stop destination to book Trivandrum to Moscow flight in a hassle-free manner. It is one such platform that brings forth all the options for you at one place and lets you book the most suitable flight with the best deals and offers.
There is no dearth of options when it comes to Trivandrum to Moscow Flight booking. Several budget and premium airlines fly on this route. You can easily check the Trivandrum to Moscow flight schedule on Goibibo. There are approximately 15 flights flying daily between Trivandrum and Moscow from early morning to late at night. Out of these Trivandrum to Moscow flight, are non stop flights 15 are connecting flights. Air Arabia, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Gulf Air, Oman Air, Turkish Airlines are some major airlines that fly between Trivandrum and Moscow.
The lowest airfare of Trivandrum to Moscow flight is ₹38919 and the average airfare is 63962 depending on the airline, timings and availability. So, it is advisable to book domestic flights 2-3 weeks well in advance to avail minimum airfare. You can also book Trivandrum to Moscow cheap flights if you are flexible with your dates and timings.
You will board your Trivandrum to Moscow flight from the Trivandrum International Airport and deboard it at Mow.
You cannot only book Trivandrum to Moscow cheap flight tickets through Goibibo but can also do web check-in and track your flight status.
How to book a Trivandrum to Moscow flight ticket on Goibibo?
Booking flight tickets on Goibibo is very simple. For a Trivandrum to Moscow flight, check below:
- Enter your personal Goibibo account by hitting the ‘Sign In’ option on the top right of the desktop site. You can also create a new account by clicking on the ‘Sign Up’ option, followed by entering your mobile number or signing in with your personal Facebook account.
- On the Goibibo homepage, you will see three options for booking flight tickets from Trivandrum to Moscow. Choose one among one-way, round trip or multicity flights.
- Fill in the city where you will board your flight from and the destination city. Choose a date of departure and enter the return date if you are booking a round trip flight. Select your preferred class of travel and add the number of passengers with whom you are travelling.
- Hit the ‘Search’ button.
- Within a second or two, you will be then redirected to another page with all the flights from Trivandrum to Moscow – the topmost one will have the cheapest airfare.
- On the left, you will find filters such as your desired time to board a flight, direct or connecting flights and the airline.
- Apply as per your preference and click on the ‘Book’ option.
- You can opt for an airport transfer and even choose a Travel Protection plan.
- Before making the final payment, provide your personal details including your email address and mobile number. You can also use an available Promo Code FLYDREAM to get Rs 1500 as instant discount for your Trivandrum to Moscow flight ticket.
- Click on the ‘Proceed’ button.
- After the payment, you will receive the e-ticket and the invoice for your Trivandrum to Moscow flight on your email address.
How can I check the flight schedule for a Trivandrum to Moscow flight?
To check the Trivandrum to Moscow flight schedule,
- Visit https://www.goibibo.com/flight-schedule/
- Choose from the one-way, round trip and multicity flight options.
- Type in the cities of origin and arrival, and choose the date of departure for a one-way flight, the return date, in case, you have selected a round-trip or, the different dates of departures for a multicity booking.
- After clicking on the ‘Get Set Go’ option, you will get the real-time flight schedule.
How much baggage can I carry on my Trivandrum to Moscow flight?
Baggage allowance depends on the class of travel and airline. In the Trivandrum to Moscow Air India flight, 25 kg of checked baggage is allowed, while 8 kg of hand luggage is permitted. On the other hand, in all domestic IndiGo flights, a passenger can carry 7 kg of hand luggage and 15 kg of checked baggage.
Where will I board my flight at Trivandrum and deboard at Moscow?
When you have booked a Trivandrum to Moscow flight, you will board the flight at and de-board at .
How can I do web check-in for my upcoming Trivandrum at Moscow flight?
To avail the web check-in service and avoid queues at airports, you have to visit the official airline websites. Commonly, you have to fill the cities of departure and arrival, PNR number and last name to select your preferred seats and meals.
About Moscow
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit this city is in the months of April to September. These months experience warm temperatures and are perfect for sightseeing. If you would like to witness Moscow in winter, then December to February is a good time when you can enjoy Christmas, ice-skating and the Russian Winter Festival. The city hosts fests and fairs throughout the year so it is advisable to look for upcoming fests before you visit the city.
Places to Visit
The iconic Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are the highlights of the city for every tourist visiting Moscow. The complex of Kremlin is very finely constructed and is home to the president of Russia. Next to it is the Red Square where you can marvel the architecture of St Basil’s Cathedral alongside Lenin’s Mausoleum. If you are thinking of visiting just these two, then that’s not it. The city is so much more than that. Sparrow Hills, Novodevichy Convent and Tretyakov Gallery are some other prominent attractions of Moscow. The Garden Ring is abuzz with nightclubs and museums which many youngsters make a trip to. Close-by there is the centuries-old Bolshoi Theatre, that hosts world-class opera and ballet, many upscale dining places, and a happening Tverskaya Street lined with luxury boutiques and shops. From budget to luxury Goibibo has wide range of Moscow hotels.
Food and Restaurant
One can definitely find the comfort of food in Moscow. From farm-sourced food to Soviet-inspired restaurants to dining places delivering rich cultural food, the city has it all. Some of the popular dishes you must taste when you are in Moscow are Borshch Moskovsky, Pelmeni, Blini (Russian pancakes), Pirozhki, Plov, Beef Stroganoff. In desserts, you can treat yourself with Ponchiki, and Pastila. Cafe Pushkin at Tverskaya, Lavka-Lavka, Delicatessen, Darbazi and Bar Strelka are some popular dining places in the city.
Transportation
There are three major airports in Moscow: Sheremetyevo International Airport (SVO), Domodedovo International Airport (DME) and Vnukovo International Airport (VKO). These airports connect to every international airport in the world and it is certainly very easy to travel here from India. Delhi connects to Moscow with several direct flights with popular air links: Air India and Aeroflot. Connecting flights, however, can be obtained from any international airport in India with airlines Aeroflot, Qatar Airways, Air India and Gulf Airways. Cheap flight tickets from here to other popular cities can be booked online on Goibibo. Also, flight status & other details related to flight booking & air tickets can be easily accessed on it. So for cheapest air tickets, it is recommended to book flights online. Aeroexpress train and taxis are mostly used to travel to the city from the airport. The city is well-connected to major cities of Russia, parts of Europe and East Asia such as Prague, Budapest, Berlin, Vienna and others via rail. The roads and highways are very well-maintained in the city. Public transport is definitely cost and a time-efficient option for travel. The Moscow Metro with 196 stations is sprawled throughout the city offering budget travel, buses and trams run throughout the city and effectively connect places to nearby metro stations. For independent travel options, taxis and app-based cab: UBER are readily available on the roads.
About Trivandrum
Airports in Trivandrum The main airport in Trivandrum is Trivandrum International Airport (TRV). It is located approximately 6 kilometers from the city center. The airport offers excellent connectivity with major Indian cities and international destinations, making it convenient for travelers.
Hotels and Restaurants
Trivandrum offers a range of accommodation options to suit various budgets:
- Luxury: The Leela Kovalam, Taj Green Cove Resort & Spa
- Mid-range: Vivanta Thiruvananthapuram, Hilton Garden Inn
- Budget: Hotel Prasanth, Classic Sarovar Portico
For food enthusiasts, Trivandrum has a variety of restaurants offering local and international cuisines. Must-try dishes include Kerala Sadya, Appam with Stew, and seafood delicacies.
City Transportation
Trivandrum offers several transportation options for easy commuting:
- Metro: Upcoming metro project to enhance connectivity
- Buses: Extensive KSRTC bus network across the city
- Taxis: Readily available and convenient for local travel
- Bike Rentals: Available for exploring the city at your own pace
Travelers can use local apps like Uber, Ola, and KSRTC app for hassle-free commuting.
Must-See Places in Trivandrum
Trivandrum is home to several attractions worth visiting:
- Padmanabhaswamy Temple: An iconic temple known for its intricate architecture and religious significance
- Kovalam Beach: A popular beach destination famous for its scenic beauty and lighthouse
- Napier Museum: A 19th-century art and natural history museum
- Shanghumukham Beach: Ideal for relaxing and watching the sunset
- Veli Tourist Village: A picturesque waterfront park with boating facilities
- Agasthyakoodam: A trekker's paradise and a biodiversity hotspot
Best Time to Visit Trivandrum
The best time to visit Trivandrum is during the pleasant winter season, from October to February, when the weather is cool, comfortable, and ideal for exploring the city's beaches, temples, and cultural landmarks. Travelers flying to Trivandrum during this period can expect clearer skies, lighter humidity, and a generally more enjoyable travel experience. If you prefer less-crowded attractions and competitive flight deals, the shoulder months of March and April can also be a smart choice. While temperatures start to climb, early mornings and evenings remain enjoyable, and it's often easier to secure convenient flight schedules. The monsoon season (June to September) brings heavy rainfall, which can affect sightseeing plans, but it also transforms the city into a lush green retreat. This period attracts travelers seeking Ayurvedic treatments, as many wellness centers operate at their peak during the rains. Whether you're planning a beach getaway, a cultural trip, or a short city break, choosing the right season can help you find smoother travel connections and better flight options to Trivandrum.
Climate and Weather
Trivandrum has a tropical climate with warm temperatures throughout the year. The temperature ranges from 20°C to 35°C. The city receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season from June to September. The best time to visit is from October to February when the weather is cool and comfortable.
Airport Address
ENQUIRIES PHONE NUMBER: (91) 471 501764 FLIGHT INFORMATION NO : (91) 471 502281
Frequently Asked Questions - Trivandrum to Moscow Flights
Q: Which is the last flight on Trivandrum to Moscow route?
A: The last flight from Trivandrum to Moscow route is Etihad Airways at 21:40.
Q: Which is the cheapest flight from Trivandrum to Moscow in next 7 and next 30 days?
A: Cheapest flight in next 7 days on Trivandrum to Moscow route is at ₹49222. And in next 30 days lowest price on Trivandrum to Moscow route is ₹38919.
Q: When does the first flight leave from Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: The first flight from Trivandrum to Moscow is Etihad Airways at 04:10.
Q: Which airline has maximum number for flights between Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: Out of 15 daily flights between Trivandrum to Moscow Etihad Airways has maximum 7 flights. After that Emirates has 4, Air Arabia has 2, Gulf Air has 1, Oman Air has 1, Turkish Airlines has 1 flights between Trivandrum to Moscow.
Q: Which are the most preferred airlines from Trivandrum to Moscow ?
A: Air Arabia, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Gulf Air, Oman Air, Turkish Airlines are the most preferred airlines on Trivandrum to Moscow flight route.
Q: What are the name and codes for Trivandrum and Moscow airports?
A: The name of Trivandrum airport is Trivandrum International Airport and its code is TRV and name of Moscow Airport is Mow, its code is MOW.
Q: How many flights fly from Trivandrum to Moscow on the daily basis?
A: Around 15 flights are flying daily from Trivandrum to Moscow. Out of which are direct and 15 are connecting flights on this route. Some major airlines between this route are Air Arabia, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Gulf Air, Oman Air, Turkish Airlines.
Q: What is today’s cheapest fare from Trivandrum to Moscow?
A: Today lowest airfare on Trivandrum to Moscow flight route is .
Find the Cheapest Month to Fly from Trivandrum to Moscow from ₹ 38919 One way
Popular Filters
One Way Price
Duration
Stops From Thiruvananthapuram
Departure From Thiruvananthapuram
₹ 38,919
₹ 48,040
₹ 63,962
₹ 38,919
Arrival at Moscow
₹ 38,919
₹ 38,919
₹ 48,040
Alliances & Airlines
Oneworld
()
SkyTeam
()
Star Alliance
(1)
Layover Airports
+ 1 more
Layover Duration
Further Flights From Trivandrum (TRV)
More Flights from Trivandrum
Further Flights From Moscow (MOW)
More Flights from Moscow
More Flights to Trivandrum
More Flights to Moscow
Top International Routes
Top International Cities
Bookings open for direct flights from Hyderabad-Amsterdam!
Limited Period Offers
Hotels in Moscow
Trains from Thiruvananthapuram
Trains to Thiruvananthapuram
